Women’s perspectives on electoral violence: A case study of Chadiza constituency, Zambia (2011–2021)

Abstract

This article explores women’s perspectives on electoral violence in Chadiza Constituency, Zambia, between 2011 and 2021. The study aimed to (1) explore how women understand and experience electoral violence, (2) identify factors that expose women to risk during election periods, and (3) understand the implications of electoral violence for women’s political participation. A qualitative case study design was used, guided by a constructivist philosophical assumption. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document review involving female registered voters in Chadiza Constituency and thematically analysed. The findings show that women experience electoral violence in physical, psychological, economic, and symbolic forms, often linked to party competition, youth militias, and unequal power relations. Fear of intimidation and social stigma discourages many women from active political engagement, though some demonstrate resilience through community networks and civic education. The study concludes that electoral violence narrows democratic inclusion for women. It recommends strengthening voter education, community-based peace initiatives, and gender-sensitive electoral security to enhance women’s safe participation in politics.