Freshwater Aquaculture and Household Performance in Busia County, Kenya

Douglas Atamba Miima; Edward Musungu Mugalavai; Jacob W. Wakhungu

doi:10.51867/ajernet.4.2.109

Auteurs

Douglas Atamba Miima
douglasatamba@gmail.com
MSc Disaster Management and Sustainable Development Candidate, School of Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-6757
Edward Musungu Mugalavai Ph.D, Chair Disaster Management and Sustainable Development and Senior Lecturer, School of Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-8180
Jacob W. Wakhungu Prof. Dean School of Agriculture, Veterinary Science and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4381-2618

Mots-clés :

Aquaculture, Busia County, Agricultural Extension Services, Fingerlings, Freshwater Aquaculture

Résumé

Aquaculture has become a household source of proteins, taking over the traditional red meat delicacy that promotes food security and livelihood for over 2.5 billion people. This covers approximately 40 percent of the world’s fish production. As the population increases, the demand for fish increases owing to the current deficit. Therefore, the need for freshwater aquaculture is high to meet global demand. Busia County has benefited from internal and external support for household aquaculture practices to address nutrition challenges and livelihoods as well. This study investigated freshwater aquaculture performance in Busia County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design, applying both quantitative and qualitative methods. The target population was 55,608 households in Bunyala and Teso South sub-counties, resulting in a sample size of 384 households. Simple random sampling was used to select the households, while purposive sampling was used to select key informants. Questionnaires, interview schedules, focus group discussion guides, and photography were used to collect data. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, while qualitative data was analyzed by grouping them into themes and reporting verbatim. Private hatcheries produced the majority of fingerlings, which increased their price for households. Households bought fish feed from the local agrovets, which was not quite affordable to farmers. Extension services were primarily provided in pond management (96.1%; OR = 2.67), record-keeping (92.7%), and fish marketing (77.7%). Private sector hatcheries are the main distributors of fingerlings to farmers, which could have contributed to the higher price of a fingerling while also considering the transportation cost of the precious fingerlings. Pond management, recording keeping, and marketing were the main extension services accorded to households surveyed. Owing to the low investment in hatcheries by the national and county governments of Busia, there is a need to rethink the installation of government hatcheries in all sub-counties for ease of accessibility and affordability in order to promote the sustainability of aquaculture.

Dimensions

REFERENCES

Ababouch, L., & Fipi, F. (2015). Fisheries and aquaculture in the context of the blue economy. Recuperadode https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Events/DakAgri2015/Fisheries_and_Aquaculture_in_the_Context_of_Blue_Economy.pdf. Accessed on 27.03.2020

Asiedu, B., Nunoo, F. K. E., & Iddrisu, S. (2017). Prospects and sustainability of aquaculture development in Ghana, West Africa. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 3(1), 1349531.

https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2017.1349531 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2017.1349531

Ateweberhan, M., Hudson, J., Rougier, A., Jiddawi, N., Msuya, F., Stead, S., & Harris, A. (2018). Community-based aquaculture in the western Indian Ocean: challenges and opportunities for developing sustainable coastal livelihoods. Ecology and Society, 23(4), 67-73.

https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10411-230417 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10411-230417

Béné, C., Arthur, R., Norbury, H., Allison, E. H., Beveridge, M., Bush, S. R., Campling, L., Leschen, W., Little, D., Squires, D., Thilsted, S. H., Troell, M., & Williams, M. (2016). Contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to food security and poverty reduction: assessing the current evidence. World Development, 79, 177-196.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.007

Cai, J., Quagrainie, K., & Hishamunda, N. (2017). Social and Economic Performance of Tilapia Farming in Africa. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular (C1130).

Carter, C. (2018). The Politics of Aquaculture: Sustainability Interdependence, Territory and Regulation in Fish Farming. Routledge.

https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351014991 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351014991

Chen, C. L., & Qiu, G. H. (2014). The long and bumpy journey: Taiwan׳'s aquaculture development and management. Marine Policy, 48, 152-161.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.03.026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.03.026

Fry, J., Love, D., Shukla, A., & Lee, R. (2014). Offshore finfish aquaculture in the United States: an examination of federal laws that could be used to address environmental and occupational public health risks. International journal of environmental research and public health, 11(11), 11964-11985.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111964 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111964

Hossain, M. A. (2014). Habitat and fish diversity: Bangladesh perspective. In Recent advances in the fisheries of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Fisheries Research Forum, Dhaka (pp. 1-26).

KNBS. (2019). 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census. Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County. Counting Our People for Sustainable Development and Devolution of Services. Nairobi: Government Printers.

Kobayashi, M., Msangi, S., Batka, M., Vannuccini, S., Dey, M. M., & Anderson, J. L. (2015). Fish to 2030: the role and opportunity for aquaculture. Aquaculture Economics and Management, 19(3), 282-300.

https://doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2015.994240 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2015.994240

Koge, J., Opola, F., Obwanga, B., Kilelu, C., & Rurangwa, E. (2018). "A comparative study on aquaculture sector development in Egypt, Ghana and Nigeria: Sharing insights and drawing lessons for Kenya." An Expert Group Round-Table Meeting, 16th March 2018, Azure Hotel, Nairobi (No. 002). Wageningen Marine Research.

Krause, G., Brugere, C., Diedrich, A., Ebeling, M. W., Ferse, S. C. A., Mikkelsen, E., Pérez Agúndez, J. A., Stead, S. M., Stybel, N., & Troell, M. (2015). A revolution without people? Closing the people-policy gap in aquaculture development. Aquaculture, 447, 44-55.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.02.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.02.009

Kundu, R., Muchiri, M., Njiru, M., & Nyamweya, C. (2016). Effect of Social and Economic Drivers on Success of Small-Scale Fish Farming in Western Kenya. African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries, 14(1), 29-44.

Mathiesen, Á. M. (2015). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2012. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations.

Munguti, J. M., Kim, J. D., & Ogello, E. O. (2014). An overview of Kenyan aquaculture: Current status, challenges, and opportunities for future development. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17(1), 1-11.

https://doi.org/10.5657/FAS.2014.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5657/FAS.2014.0001

Musyoka, S. N., & Mutia, G. M. (2016). The status of fish farming development in arid and semi-arid counties of Kenya: A case study of Makueni County. European Journal of Physical and Agricultural Sciences. South Eastern Kenya University, Kenya, 15(3), 56-61.

Odende, T., Ogello, E. O., Iteba, J. O., Owori, H., Outa, N., Obiero, K. O., Munguti, J. M., Kyule, D. N., Kimani, S., & Osia, M. M. (2022). Promoting sustainable smallholder aquaculture productivity through landscape and seascape aquapark models: A case study of Busia County, Kenya. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6, 898044.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.898044 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.898044

Rurangwa, E., Agyakwah, S. K., Boon, H., & Bolman, B. C. (2015). Development of Aquaculture in Ghana: Analysis of the fish value chain and potential business cases (No. C021/15). IMARES.

Shitote, Z., Wakhungu, J., & China, S. (2012). Challenges facing fish farming development in Western Kenya. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(5), 305-311.

https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2013.3.012213403 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2013.3.012213403

Soliman, N. F., & Yacout, D. M. (2016). Aquaculture in Egypt: status, constraints and potentials. Aquaculture International, 24(5), 1201-1227.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-9989-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-9989-9

Soree, A. M. (2017). Effects of climate change on rural livelihoods in Busia County, Kenya. International Journal of Agriculture and Earth Science, 3(8), 75-89.

Yamane, T. (1967). Elementry sampling theory. Prentice Hall, USA.

World Food Programme. (2016). Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Survey 2016. http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp285611.pdf?iframe. Accessed on 27.03.2020.