The Contribution of Television Coverage to Mental Health Issues: The Case of Rwanda Television

Abstract

This study assessed the contribution made by Rwanda Television [RTV] programs to increased mental health awareness in Rwanda through a content and impact analysis of six mental health-related programs aired between January and June 2024. Anchored on a mixed-methods research design, the study combined surveys, focus group discussions, and interviews, engaging 88 respondents drawn from the target population of 700 residents in the Kigali Sector. Cultivation Theory and Framing Theory were used to guide this study. Cultivation theory suggests that repeated exposure to television creates an individual’s perception of reality. Framing Theory states that how the media presents social issues will affect how the public understands them. Quantitative findings showed that the coverage of RTV in mental health was dominated by emotional distress and depression (23.9%), substance abuse (21.6%), trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD] (19.3%), and finally suicide prevention (18.2%). The approaches used in raising awareness were dominated by personal testimonies at 28.4%, followed by expert advice at 25.0%, showing the station's emphasis on relatable storytelling and professional guidance. Viewers rated the programs as informative at 27.3%, discussion-promoting at 26.1%, and helpful in offering practical mental health guidance at 23.9%, showing strong engagement and perceived relevance. Despite these strengths, the study noted serious challenges to the effective communication of mental health. Crucial constraints were the shortage of trained health journalists, at 28.4 percent, who impact content accuracy and sensitivity; poor public awareness of mental health problems, at 26.1 percent, impeding deeper understanding and help-seeking behavior. Thus, though RTV is indeed playing an important role in promoting mental health literacy, certain systemic gaps remain in terms of the capacity, reach, and clarity of messages. Recommendations from this study look toward strengthening the training of journalists in mental health reporting, improving collaboration between media houses and health institutions, and encouraging more regular, evidence-based programming to quality assure and enhance the impact of mental health communication in Rwanda.