Underrepresentation of women in the construction industry, a case of selected sites in Lira District Northern Uganda

Abstract

The construction industry is a significant pillar of economic and social development, creating employment and providing essential infrastructure. Nevertheless, it remains male-dominated, with women underrepresented in the sector. This study examined how sociocultural norms and gender stereotypes influence women's participation in the construction industry in Lira District, Northern Uganda. Guided by the critical research paradigm, the study employed a mixed-methods research design. The target population comprised 220 construction workers, students enrolled in construction programmes, industry stakeholders, TVET administrators and community leaders, of whom 200 participated in the study. Data were collected using questionnaires and interview schedules and analysed through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that cultural beliefs and practices, family and community expectations, gender stereotypes, social stigma and workplace discrimination were perceived as barriers to women's participation. All respondents agreed that gender stereotypes discourage women from pursuing technical construction roles, with 85% strongly agreeing and 15% agreeing. Furthermore, respondents reported that stigma and workplace discrimination were associated with prevailing cultural beliefs. The study concludes that sociocultural norms and gender stereotypes constrain women's participation in construction in Lira District. It recommends gender-awareness campaigns, community sensitisation, mentorship and networking programmes, inclusive workplace environments and greater visibility of successful women in construction to challenge discriminatory perceptions and promote women's participation in the sector.