Sustainable water resources management in Kenya: The role of modelling approaches
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.7.4.48Keywords:
Climate Change, Decision Support Systems, Hydrological Modelling, Water Allocation, Water SecurityAbstract
Kenya faces increasing challenges in sustainable water resources management due to climate change, water scarcity, population growth, and the uneven distribution of water resources. These challenges have necessitated the development of efficient strategies to support water demand management, allocation, and planning. This paper reviews sustainable water resources management in Kenya, with a focus on water resources modelling. The objectives of the review paper are to: (i) examine the modelling techniques used in water resources management in Kenya; (ii) assess the benefits of water resources modelling; (iii) examine the challenges associated with applying modelling techniques in Kenya; and (iv) explore future prospects for enhancing modelling applications in Kenya's water sector, including the Internet of Things (IoT), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and remote sensing technologies, which facilitate real-time monitoring and decision-making. The paper adopted a structured literature review design focusing on sustainable water resources modelling and management, drawing on literature from Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. The literature was critically reviewed and thematically synthesised based on modelling applications, benefits, limitations, research gaps, and emerging opportunities. The findings show that incorporating modelling techniques enhances the understanding of complex water systems, thereby improving planning for socioeconomic purposes. Nevertheless, limited data availability, inadequate technical capacity, and insufficient collaboration among institutions remain significant challenges. The paper concludes that water resources modelling is vital for supporting sustainable water resources management by providing information on hydrological processes, hazard forecasting, water quality, water demand, resource allocation, and planning. Therefore, the paper recommends strengthening water resources monitoring networks, enhancing stakeholder involvement, and promoting collaboration among researchers, government institutions, and academia to improve sustainable water resources management in Kenya.
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