Authoritative Parenting Style and Social-Emotional Development of Pre-Primary Learners: A Case of Lurambi Sub-Kakamega County, Kenya

https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.4.82

Authors

Keywords:

Authoritative Parenting, Development, Parenting Styles, Pre-Primary Learners, Social Emotional

Abstract

Parenting is crucial to a child's growth and development since so much of what they learn in their formative years hinges on the strength of their relationships with their parents. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of authoritative parenting styles on social emotional development of pre-primary learners. The study adopted Baumrind's theory on parenting styles and used descriptive survey research design. The target population was 6,848 pre-primary learners, 264 ECD teachers, and 6,526 parents in Lurambi Sub-County-Kenya. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques helped to obtain sample size of 400 pre-primary learners, 26 ECD teachers and 20 ECD parents from 19 pre-schools. The interview schedule, questionnaire and focus group discussions were used to generate data for the study. The regression analysis indicated that authoritative parenting style had a statistically significant effect in predicting social emotional development of pre-primary learners as indicated by R2 =.206 (20.6%); F(1,18), = 4.661, B= .541, t=2.159, p<0.045. The study concluded that most children had active conversation with their parents, the study also concluded that most children were given token by their parents before doing task, the study also most parents made demands from their children. The study recommends that parents should use authoritative parenting to enhance children’s social emotional development.

Dimensions

Akinsola, F. (2013). Correlation between parenting styles and sexual attitudes of young people in Nigeria: Comparison of two ethnic groups. Gender and Behavior, 8(1), 23771-2788. https://doi.org/10.4314/gab.v8i1.54692

Akinsola, F. (2015). Correlation between parenting styles and sexual attitudes of young people in Nigeria: Comparison of two ethnic groups. Gender and Behavior, 8(1), 23771-2788. https://doi.org/10.4314/gab.v8i1.54692 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/gab.v8i1.54692

Alizadeh, S., Talib, A., Abdullah, R., & Mansoor, M. (2011). Relationship between parenting style and children's behavior problems. Asian Social Science, 7, 195-200. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v7n12p195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v7n12p195

Amirabadi, F. (2018). Investigating the relationship between parenting styles and the EI in children. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(3), 795-799.

Baharudin, R., & Kordi, A. (2020). Parenting attitude and style and its effects on children's school achievements. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 2(2), 217-220.

Baumrind, D. (1991). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37, 881-907. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1966.tb05416.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1966.tb05416.x

Baumrind, D. (2013). Socialization and instrumental competence in young children. Young Children, 26, 104-117.

Baumrind, D. (2018). The influence of parenting styles on adolescent competence and substance. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56-95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431691111004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431691111004

Baumrind, D., & Black, A. E. (2023). Patterns of parental authority and adolescent autonomy. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 108, 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.128 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.128

Berg, B. (2011). The effects of parenting styles on preschool-aged child's emotional development. The Graduate School, University of Wisconsin-Stout. Retrieved from http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2011bergo.pdf

Bibi, F., Chaudhry, A. G., Awan, A. E., & Tariq, B. (2013). Contribution of parenting style in life domain of children. Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 12, 91-95. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-1229195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-1229195

Bostic, J. Q., Mattison, R., & Cunningham, D. (2021). Explosive outbursts at school. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 30(3), 491-503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2021.04.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2021.04.003

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Quantitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (2017). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 487-496. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.113.3.487

Fulton, E., & Turner, L. A. (2018). Students' academic motivation: Relations with parental warmth, autonomy granting, and supervision. Educational Psychology, 28(5), 521-534. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410701846119 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410701846119

Griffith-Ross, D. A. (2010). Impact of parenting styles and locus of control on emerging adult's psychosocial success. Journal of Education and Human Development, 1, 1-11.

Grolnick, W. S., & Pomerantz, E. M. (2017). Issues and challenges in studying parental control: Toward a new conceptualization. Society for Research in Child Development, 3(3), 165-170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2009.00099.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2009.00099.x

Hoskins, D. H. (2014). Consequences of parenting on children outcomes. Societies, 4, 506-531. Retrieved from http://hubpages.com/hub/The-3-Types-of-Parenting-Styles, https://doi.org/10.3390/soc4030506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/soc4030506

Ishak, Z., Low, S. F., & Lau, P. L. (2012). Parenting style as a moderator for students' academic achievement. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 21, 487-493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-011-9340-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-011-9340-1

Kang, J., & Guo, H. (2022). The effects of authoritative parenting style on young adult children's prosocial behaviour: The mediating role of emotion-regulation. China Journal of Social Work, 15(2), 162-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/17525098.2021.1956760 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17525098.2021.1956760

Knutson, J. F., DeGarmo, D., Koeppl, G., & Reid, J. B. (2019). Care neglect, supervisory neglect, and harsh parenting in the development of children's aggression: A replication and extension. Child Maltreatment, 10, 92. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559504273684 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559504273684

Kopko, K. (2017). Parenting styles and adolescents. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University.

Kuppens, S., & Ceulemans, E. (2019). Parenting styles: A closer look at a well-known concept. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(1), 168-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1242-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1242-x

Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (2014). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen & E. M. Hetherington (Series Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (pp. 1-101). New York: Wiley.

Marsiglia, C. S., Walczyk, J. J., Buboltz, W. C., & Griffith-Ross, D. A. (2010). Impact of parenting style and locus of control on emerging adult's psychosocial success. Journal of Education and Human Development, 1, 1-11.

Nderitu, E. W. (2018). The influence of parenting styles on pre-school children's social emotional skills development in Gituamba Division, Laikipia County, Kenya. Unpublished Master's Thesis, University of Nairobi. New York: Wiley.

Oluwoduncye, S., & Titus, O. (2016). Parenting styles, gender, religiosity, and examination malpractices. Gender & Behavior, 9(2), 3941-3960.

https://doi.org/10.4314/gab.v9i2.72168 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/gab.v9i2.72168

Piko, B. F., & Balazs, M. A. (2012). Authoritative parenting style and adolescent smoking and drinking. Addictive Behaviors, 37(3), 353-356.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.11.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.11.022

Pinquart, M., & Kauser, R. (2018). Do the associations of parenting styles with behavior problems and academic achievement vary by culture? Results from a meta-analysis. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 24(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000149 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000149

Sanvictores, T., & Mendez, M. D. (2021). Types of parenting styles and effects on children.

Seth, M., & Ghormode, K. (2019). The impact of authoritative parenting style on educational performance of learners at high school level. International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2(10), 1-6.

Sorkhabi, N., & Middaugh, E. (2014). Variations in parents' use of confrontive and coercive control relate to variations in parent-adolescent conflict, adolescent disclosure, and parental knowledge: Adolescents' perspective. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 1227-1241.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9783-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9783-5

Yap, M. B. H., Fowler, M., Reavley, N., & Jorm, A. F. (2015). Parenting strategies for reducing the risk of childhood depression and anxiety disorders: A Delphi consensus study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 183, 330-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/jad.2015.05.031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.031

Published

2024-11-13

How to Cite

Wafula, P. N., Ogutu, J. P., & Were, D. S. (2024). Authoritative Parenting Style and Social-Emotional Development of Pre-Primary Learners: A Case of Lurambi Sub-Kakamega County, Kenya. African Journal of Empirical Research, 5(4), 989–1000. https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.4.82